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长久以来,学术界围绕置盐定理和马克思的利润率趋向下降规律的关系展开了激烈的争论。本文首先分析了马克思利润率趋向下降理论的逻辑结构,认为利润率趋向下降理论包含了三个理论层次:有机构成上升理论、技术进步对利润率的正负两种效应、长期利润率趋于下降的总效应。其次,在置盐定理的框架下证明了,在前两个理论层次上,置盐定理和利润率趋向下降规律是一致的,而在最后一个层次上二者产生了分歧。最后,进一步证明,这种分歧来自于二者对资本主义技术进步的解释不同,当采用马克思对技术进步的解释时,置盐定理框架仍然会得出利润率趋向下降的结论。
For a long time, the academic circles started a fierce debate about the relationship between the salt-setting theorem and the trend of declining profit rate of Marx. This paper first analyzes the logical structure of Marx’s theory of the declining trend of profits, and holds that the theory of the declining trend of profit rate contains three theoretical levels: the rising theory of organic composition, the positive and negative effects of technological progress on the profit rate, and the long-term profit rate declining The total effect. Second, it is proved in the framework of the salt-setting theorem that the salt-setting theorem and the tendency of the rate of profit declining are consistent on the first two theoretical levels, and the two levels diverge on the last level. Finally, it is further proved that this disagreement arises from the different interpretations of the technological progress of capitalism. When using Marx’s explanation of technological progress, the salt-setting theorem still leads to the conclusion that the profit rate tends to decrease.