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目的分析江门市2011―2015年农村生活饮用水水质卫生状况,并提出整改建议。方法 2011―2015年分别于每年的丰水期和枯水期对江门地区农村集中式供水的出厂水和末梢水进行采样监测,检测指标为常规指标33项加氨氮,按《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749―2006)进行评价。结果 2011―2015年共监测水样2 036份,合格1 138份,水质总合格率为55.89%。枯水期水质总合格率为60.77%(618/1 017),丰水期水质总合格率为51.03%(520/1 019),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。出厂水水质总合格率为60.62%(571/942),末梢水水质总合格率为51.83%(567/1 094),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。感官指标总合格率为72.94%(1 485/2 036),一般理化指标总合格率为90.28%(1 838/2 036),毒理学指标总合格率为96.32%(1 961/2 036),微生物指标总合格率为63.61%(1 295/2 036)。结论 2011―2015年江门市农村集中式供水水质总合格率偏低,主要原因为微生物指标和感官指标不达标,建议进一步加大农村集中式供水基础设施建设,同时加强水质监测工作。
Objective To analyze the sanitary status of drinking water quality in rural areas in Jiangmen City during the period of 2011-2015 and put forward suggestions for rectification. Methods From 2011 to 2015, sampling and monitoring were carried out on the ex-factory water and the peripheral water of rural centralized water supply in Jiangmen during the wet season and dry season of each year. The detection indexes were 33 items of routine indicators plus ammonia nitrogen. According to “Sanitary Standard for Domestic Drinking Water” ( GB 5749-2006) evaluation. Results A total of 2 036 water samples were monitored during the period from 2011 to 2015, with a total of 1 138 samples. The total qualified rate of water quality was 55.89%. The total qualified rate of water quality in dry season was 60.77% (618/1 017), while the qualified rate of water quality in wet season was 51.03% (520/1 019). The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The total qualified rate of factory water quality was 60.62% (571/942), the total qualified rate of peripheral water quality was 51.83% (567/1 094), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The overall pass rate of sensory index was 72.94% (1 485/2 036), the general pass rate of general physical and chemical indicators was 90.28% (1 838/2 036), the total pass rate of toxicological indicators was 96.32% (1 961/2 036) The total qualified rate of microbial indicators was 63.61% (1 295/2 036). Conclusion The overall qualified rate of rural centralized water quality in Jiangmen City during 2011-2015 is low, mainly due to non-compliance of microbial indicators and sensory indicators. It is suggested to further increase the construction of centralized water supply infrastructure in rural areas and to strengthen water quality monitoring.