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为量化不同生育时期氮肥施用量与大豆共生固氮能力和产量的关系,探索既不抑制大豆共生固氮能力,又能提高大豆产量的氮肥施用量,以黑农35为材料,采用盆栽试验,通过在V2、R1、R3和R5期施用不同量的氮肥,测定不同生育时期根瘤数量、干重和固氮酶活性及成熟期的产量,研究氮肥施用时期和施用量对大豆根瘤共生固氮能力和产量的影响。不同生育时期处理的大豆根瘤干重、数量和固氮酶活性大小在R6期均表现为V2>R5>R3>R1,且不同生育时期氮肥施用量与大豆根瘤干重、数量和固氮酶活性间均具有显著的线性负相关关系。不同生育时期处理的干物质积累量和产量在R6期均表现为R1>R3>V2>R5。V2、R1和R3期不同氮肥施用量处理,均显著地促进大豆生物量和产量的增加,而R5期不同氮肥施用量处理与CK处理间的生物量和产量差异不显著。不同生育时期处理均以施氮量225 kg·hm-2的生物量和产量最高。R1期是决定大豆固氮能力和产量高低的关键生育时期,不同生育时期对氮肥施用量的要求存在差异。
In order to quantify the relationship between nitrogen application rate and symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability and yield of soybean at different growth stages and to explore the application of nitrogen fertilizer which can neither inhibit symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability of soybean nor increase soybean yield, The effects of nitrogen application period and application rate on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation capacity and yield of soybean nodules were studied under different nitrogen application rates in stages V2, R1, R3 and R5. . The root nodule dry weight, the number and the activity of nitrogenase activity in different growth stages all showed V2> R5> R3> R1 in R6, and the average nitrogen application rate and the dry weight, number and nitrogenase activity of soybean nodule at different growth stages Has a significant linear negative correlation. The dry matter accumulation and yield at different growth stages all showed R1> R3> V2> R5 in R6. The treatment of different nitrogen application rates in stages of V2, R1 and R3 significantly promoted the increase of biomass and yield of soybean, while there was no significant difference in biomass and yield between different treatments of nitrogen application and CK in R5 stage. The biomass and yield of 225 kg · hm-2 nitrogen application were the highest in different growth stages. The R1 phase is the key period for determining the nitrogen fixation capacity and yield of soybean, and there are differences in the requirements of nitrogen application rate in different growth stages.