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In situ high pressure energy dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements on the layered perovskite-like manganate Ca3Mn2O7 powder under pressures were performed by using the diamond anvil cell with synchrotron radiation. The results show that the structure of layered perovskite-like manganate Ca3Mn2O7 is unstable under pressure due to the easy compression of NaCl-type blocks. The structure of Ca3Mn2O7 underwent two phase transitions under pressures in the range of 0-35 GPa. One was at about 1.3 GPa with the crystal structure changing from tetragonal to orthorhombic. The other was at about 9.5 GPa with the crystal structure changing from orthorhombic back to another tetragonal.