“第三次分配”以及“慈善资本主义”理论的提出,无论对中国还是对全世界而言,都具有重大的意义。在市场经济条件下,市场通过对资源的配置,通过对劳动力的报酬,实现了第一次财富的分配;而政府作为公共机关,通过公共权力,利用税收、财政、金融等手段实现对收入分配的调节,这被称为第二次分配。著名经济学家厉以宁以“敦促国家出台政策鼓励慈善家”为由提出了“第三次分配”的理论,即个人或企业出于自愿,在习惯与道德的影响下把可支配收入的一部分捐赠出去。我国人大常委会副委员长成思危也表达了类似的观点,他认为缩小财富差距,关键在于财富的分配, The proposal of “the third distribution” and “philanthropic capitalism” are of great significance to both China and the rest of the world. Under the condition of market economy, the market realizes the distribution of the first wealth through the allocation of resources and remuneration to the labor force. As a public institution, the government uses public power to make use of tax revenue, finance and finance to realize the distribution of income The adjustment, which is called the second assignment. Renowned economist Li Yining proposed the theory of “the third distribution” on the ground of urging the state to introduce policies to encourage philanthropists. That is, individuals or enterprises voluntarily donated part of their disposable income under the influence of habits and morals Go out Cheng Siwei, vice chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, also expressed a similar view. He believes that the key to narrowing the wealth gap lies in the distribution of wealth,