一、前言 当煤矿井下发生火灾及产生有毒气体时,为防止窒息、安全撤离灾害现场而采用的个体呼吸器(自救器),历来大都是“过滤式”的。众所周知,这种过滤方式在缺氧的空气中是不能使用的,而且除对特定的有毒气体之外将不起作用,这就大大限制了其使用范围。 另一方面,氧气“自给式”呼吸器虽无上述制约,但因一般都较为笨重,在携带作业时,会有诸多不便。然而,因其性能优越,所以用户迫切希望使之小型化、轻便化,所以,目前世界上许多国家都在进行研制。 I. INTRODUCTION Personal respirators (self-rescuer) used to prevent asphyxiation and safely evacuating from the disaster site have always been “filter-type” when a fire and toxic gas are generated in a coal mine. It is well-known that this type of filtration is not available in hypoxic air and will not be effective except for certain toxic gases, which greatly limits its use. Oxygen “self-contained” respirators, on the other hand, do not have the above constraints, but are generally more bulky and carry inconvenience when carrying them. However, because of its superior performance, users are eager to miniaturize and simplify their products. Therefore, many countries in the world are currently developing their products.