抗菌药物敏感性试验（AST）是一种体外定性或定量测定抗菌药物抑制或杀灭细菌能力的实验。随着耐药病原体的增多和耐药机制的变异，传统药敏试验逐渐无法满足临床快速诊治的需求，因此基于待测病原体表型、基因型及其他耐药机制的药敏快检技术正在不断发展。本文论述了AST快速检测技术的发展现状及存在的问题，所有新技术对临床诊治指南的指导意义均应进行多方面评估和规范化。“,”Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is an in vitro qualitative or quantitative test to determine the ability of antimicrobial agents to inhibit or kill bacteria. Due to the increase of drug-resistant pathogens and the variation of drug resistance mechanisms, traditional antimicrobial susceptibility testing has gradually been unable to meet the needs of rapid clinical diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, rapid AST technologies, based on the phenotypes, genotypes and other specific resistance mechanisms of the tested bacteria are constantly developing. This paper reviewes the current status and existing problems of rapid AST technologies, and emphasizes the clinical significance in clinical practice and guidelines.