第一、第二次鸦片战争的惨败使中国面临被列强殖民瓜分的窘境,清政府意识到巩固海防、建设海军的重要性,决心建成北洋舰队。但由于清政府的腐败,加之战斗指挥失误,放弃和丧失了制海权,最终导致了北洋舰队的覆灭。 In the first and second defeats of the Opium War, China was faced with the predicament of being divided and colonized by the powers. The Qing government realized the importance of consolidating coastal defense and naval construction and determined to build a fleet of the Northern Fleet. However, due to the corruption of the Qing government, combined with the mistakes in fighting and command, the abandonment and loss of sea-control rights eventually led to the collapse of the Northern Fleet.