关于地壳构造及其运动问题,在百多年来的传统地质学中占统治地位的是地槽说。它认为地槽是基本的大地构造单元,地壳主要作垂直运动,洋陆各在原地起伏,并无大规模的水平移动;大陆固定,海洋永存,洋陆轮廓亘古如此。诞生于本世纪六十年代后期的板块学说,一反垂直运动论的传统,认为地壳由主要作水平运动的板块构成;在地幔对流、海底扩张的作用下,板块自身运动、相对运动, With regard to the tectonic and tectonic movements, it is the geosyncline that dominated traditional geology for more than a century. It believes that the earth trough is a basic geotectonic unit. The earth’s crust is mainly used for vertical movement. The oceans and lands fluctuate on the spot, and there is no large-scale horizontal movement. The continent is fixed, the ocean is eternal, and the contour of oceans and lands is ancient. The theory of plate was born in the late 1960s. In contrast to the tradition of vertical movement theory, it is believed that the crust consists of plates that make horizontal movements. Under the influence of mantle convection and submarine expansion, the plate itself moves and moves relatively.