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无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,在其发展道路上,都无法避免城市化建设与不可移动文物保护之间的冲突。一些文物保护先进国家在文物保护实践过程积累了许多成功做法。欧共体各国注重综合治理的保护理念,在立法、行政、公民教育和专业人才培养等方面强调整体化发展。波兰将保护国家遗产与保护国家主权和领土完整、保障公民自由和人身安全列入宪法同一条款,明确国家对不可移动文物保护的高度重视。美国和波兰设立合理的不可移动文物保护机构及其权限设置。通过专项立法预防城市发展对不可移动文物造成损害,并将法定保护范围不限于不可移动文物本身,合理解决城市发展与不可移动文物保护的冲突。澳大利亚昆士兰州的《原住民文化遗产法》,通过“法定照顾义务”原则,“毯子”式追责原则,延伸化追究刑事责任等法律规定,严格追究破坏不可移动文物行为的法律责任。这些可为我国的文物保护立法和实践提供积极借鉴。
Both developed and developing countries can not avoid the conflict between urbanization and the protection of immovable cultural relics on their development path. Some advanced countries for the protection of cultural relics have accumulated many successful practices in the practice of conservation. All countries in the EC pay attention to the concept of comprehensive governance and emphasize the holistic development in legislation, administration, civic education and professional personnel training. Poland will protect the national heritage and the protection of national sovereignty and territorial integrity, protection of civil liberties and personal safety included in the same terms of the Constitution, a clear national attaches great importance to the protection of immovable heritage. The United States and Poland set up reasonable immovable cultural relics protection organizations and their authority settings. Through special legislation to prevent urban development from causing damage to immovable cultural relics, the scope of statutory protection is not limited to immovable cultural relics themselves, and the conflict between urban development and immovable cultural relics protection can be rationally solved. The Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act of Queensland, Australia, strictly observes the laws that undermine immovable cultural relics through legal principles such as “statutory duty of care ”, "blanket responsibility. These can provide a positive reference for China’s legislation and practice of cultural relic protection.