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从不同方向作用于骨骼系统的力一般分三种类型:①作用于身体的外力,②由肌肉收缩和韧带张力引起的内力,③骨与骨之间的相互作用力。力作为负载作用于骨可引起变形,通过所给负载和引起变形之间的关系可确定骨的力学性能。力和变形之间的关系反映了整个骨的结构特性。如果骨骼遭受严重创伤,作用于骨的负载可以变得极大,导致严重变形,进而可能发生骨折。故决定骨的变形特征和抗骨折性能的主要因素是所施力的方向和大小,骨的形状和大小,以及构成骨骼的骨组织的物质特性等。
The forces acting on the skeletal system from different directions are generally divided into three types: ① external forces acting on the body, ② internal forces caused by muscle contraction and ligament tension, ③ the interaction between the bones and the bone. Force acting on the bone as a load can cause deformation, and the mechanical properties of the bone can be determined by the relationship between the load given and the deformation caused. The relationship between force and deformation reflects the structural characteristics of the entire bone. If the bone is severely traumatized, the load on the bone can become so great that it can cause serious distortions that can lead to fractures. Therefore, the main factors that determine the deformation characteristics of the bone and the anti-fracture properties are the direction and size of the applied force, the shape and size of the bone, and the material properties of the bone tissue constituting the bone.