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随着互联网经济的迅速发展,如软件、搜索引擎、社交网络平台、导航定位系统等形式各样的商品或服务大量的以免费的形式提供给消费者。然而,传统的反垄断法理论和分析方法主要是建立在有价产品的基础之上。本文首先通过介绍免费产品存在的模式,分析消费者在获得免费产品时付出的成本,视图矫正公众对免费产品即为“免费”的观念,进一步指出免费产品存在反垄断法意义上的市场。通过对免费产品市场运行方式的分析表明其与充分竞争的偏离,可能对消费者福利造成的损害,以唤醒反垄断法理论及司法实践对免费产品市场更多的回应与关注。
With the rapid development of the Internet economy, a great variety of goods and services such as software, search engines, social networking platforms and navigation and positioning systems are provided to consumers in large quantities in a free form. However, the traditional theories and methods of antitrust law are mainly based on valuable products. Firstly, by introducing the mode of existence of free products, this paper analyzes the cost consumers pay when obtaining free products, and the view corrects the public’s view that free products are “free”, further points out that there is antitrust market in free products . The analysis of the operation modes of the free product market shows that the deviations from full competition may damage the welfare of consumers and arouse more responses and concerns to the free product market by the antitrust theory and judicial practice.