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在本世紀中有四五种物理学理論已經对哲学思想产生了重大影响,这些理論中,在其哲学結論方面最重要的是海森堡博士在1926年宣布的“測不准原則”。这种理論断言,要同时測量出一个电子的位置和速度二者达到需要的准确程度是不可能的;全部科学关于次原子現象所能断言的是在预期的場所发現一个电子的概率。这一理論提示,或暗示,在次原子水平上,事件是随便发生的,而不是因果地发生的,大規模的物理現象所以有郝种表面的决定性只是一种统計的錯觉。不少哲学家宣称,这就証明了支配着自然界中心的是偶然性,而且认为意志自由已經得到証明了。
Forty-five theories of physics have had a significant impact on philosophical thought in this century, and among these theories the most important of which is philosophical conclusion is the “uncertainty principle” announced by Dr. Heisenberg in 1926. This theory asserts that it is not possible to measure both the exactness of the position and velocity of an electron at the same time as needed; all that the science can claim about subatomic phenomena is the probability of finding an electron at the expected place. This theory suggests, or implies, that events occur casually at the subatomic level, not causally, and that the decisiveness of large-scale physical phenomena is therefore only a statistical illusion. Many philosophers claim that this proves that it is accidental to dominate the center of nature and that the freedom of the will has been proved.