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机器部件、构件和微电子元件,很多是在恶劣环境(包括高温、高压、低温、磁场、辐射、等离子体、腐蚀环境、高速旋转、液下等)中工作的。它们的力学破坏,对人们的安全和生产有非常不利的影响。为防止这些破坏,需要通过分析、实验和计算来改进设计、制造和检测,以提供减少破坏所必要的数据。实验力学,特别是在恶劣环境中进行力学测量,在此起了关键的作用。它提供了基本数据和检测手段,用于计算和建立破坏理论模型。本文介绍在恶劣环境中,主要在高温中,进行应变测量的国内外一些发展情况。
Machine parts, components and microelectronic components, many of them are working in harsh environments (including high temperature, high pressure, low temperature, magnetic field, radiation, plasma, corrosive environment, high-speed rotation, liquid under the). Their mechanical destruction has a very detrimental effect on people’s safety and production. To prevent these disruptions, design, manufacturing, and testing needs to be improved through analysis, experimentation, and calculations to provide the data necessary to reduce damage. Experimental mechanics, especially in harsh environments for mechanical measurements, played a key role here. It provides basic data and detection tools for calculating and establishing destructive theoretical models. This article presents some developments at home and abroad in harsh environments, mainly in high temperatures, for strain measurements.