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对不同开垦年限绿洲农田大型土壤动物群落结构特征进行研究,探讨绿洲化过程中农田大型土壤动物群落对土壤环境演变的响应及适应机制。天然荒漠草地开垦为绿洲农田后,新垦绿洲农田大型土壤动物密度和类群丰富度增加为天然荒漠草地的1.95倍和1.54倍,百年绿洲农田土壤动物密度和类群丰富度增加为天然荒漠草地的3.54倍和3.00倍;但群落多样性和均匀度指数变化较小。不同动物类群随着绿洲农田开垦年限增加,其变化规律也存在较大差异,如地蜈蚣科(Geophilidae)、线蚓科(Enchytraeidae)、正蚓科(Lumbricidae)和蝇科幼虫(Muscidae)个体密度逐渐增加,拟步甲科(Tenebrionidae)和象甲科(Curculionidae)个体密度显著降低,而平腹蛛科(Gnaphosidae)、夜蛾科(Noctuidae)幼虫和蚁科(Formicidae)受农田开垦以及开垦年限的影响较小。RDA分析结果表明绿洲化过程中不同开垦年限绿洲农田的土壤温度、pH、土壤粘粉粒、土壤含水量、土壤有机碳和全氮的变化是导致绿洲化过程中绿洲农田大型土壤动物群落演变的主要影响因素,而随着绿洲农田开垦年限增加,土壤含盐量、土壤粗砂粒和细砂粒的变化是导致不同开垦年限绿洲农田大型土壤动物群落演变的主要影响因素。
This paper studied the characteristics of macro-fauna community structure in oasis farmland with different years of reclamation, and discussed the response of large-scale soil fauna community to soil environment evolution and adaptation mechanism during oasis. After reclamation of natural desert grassland into oasis farmland, the density and abundance of macrofaunal animals in newly cultivated oasis farmland increased 1.95 times and 1.54 times than that of natural desert grassland, and the soil animal density and taxa of hundred years oasis farmland increased to 3.54 Times and 3.00 times, respectively; however, community diversity and evenness index changed little. There are also great variations in the changing laws of different animal groups with increasing reclamation age of oasis farmland, such as Geophilidae, Enchytraeidae, Lumbricidae and Muscidae. The density of individuals of Tenebrionidae and Curculionidae decreased significantly, while the larvae of Gnaphosidae, Noctuidae larvae and Formicidae were affected by farmland reclamation and reclamation period Less affected. The result of RDA analysis shows that the change of soil temperature, pH, soil sticky grain, soil water content, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in oasis farmland with different reclamation years in oasis is the result of evolution of macro soil fauna in oasis farmland during oasis process As the years of reclamation of oasis farmland increased, the changes of soil salinity, coarse grit and coarse grit were the main factors that led to the evolution of large soil fauna in oasis farmland.