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IBM 之外,世界商业史上还没有第二家千亿美元规模的企业从濒死边缘回复生机。上世纪90年代初,1990- 1993年 IBM 累计亏损168亿美元,甲骨文 CEO 埃里森对此戏谑讽刺,微软创始人盖茨更预言：IBM 将在几年内倒闭! 然而10年之后,IBM 居然回转生机,并且成功转型。10年前几乎所有的收入都来自于硬件,今天,软件和服务两个新业务贡献了七成以上的营收和利润。它在全球软件业的份额仅次于微软,IT 服务则稳居第一。在刚过去的2005年, 埃里森、鲍尔默、盖茨三个人都先后宣称：IBM 才是自己最大的敌人! 郭士纳在2002年退休时总结说：“IBM 软件的发展历程,就是整个公司在过去10年起死回生扭转乾坤过程中的一个精彩的缩影。”IBM 软件集团在1995
Outside of IBM, no second billion-dollar firm in world business history has survived the verge of dying. In the early 1990s, IBM lost a total of US $ 16.8 billion in 1990-1993. Oracle CEO Ellison joked about this: Microsoft founder Gates predicted that IBM would collapse within a few years. However, after 10 years, IBM actually turned back Vital, and successful transformation. Almost all revenue came from hardware 10 years ago. Today, two new businesses in software and services contribute more than 70% revenue and profits. Its share of the global software industry is second only to Microsoft, while IT services rank first. In just past 2005, Ellison, Ballmer, Gates three individuals have declared: IBM is their biggest enemy! Gerstner retired in 2002, concluded: “IBM software development process is An exciting epitome of the entire company’s turnaround in the past decade or so. ”IBM Software Group in 1995