公平合理和多快好省是我们追求的目标。而现实中公平和效率往往是矛盾的,讲了公平,可能会丢了效率。美国经济学家阿瑟·奥肯对此提出了著名的“漏桶原理”。假定有这样一个贫富分化的国家,这个国家只有富人和穷人,他们分别集中住在东部和西部,国家每天分给他们同样多的粥。东部的富人人数少,粥相对来说就多。这样每天的粥喝不完,富人就用来 Fair and reasonable, and faster and better province is our goal. In reality, fairness and efficiency are often contradictory. Speaking of fairness may lose efficiency. Arthur Okun, a U.S. economist, put forward the famous “leaky bucket principle ”. Suppose there is such a country rich and poor, rich and poor, who live in the east and west, respectively. The state gives them as much porridge a day. The number of rich people in the east is relatively small, porridge is relatively large. This endless porridge drink every day, the rich will be used