目的:分析血液科患者败血症致病细菌分布及耐药性特点,为临床治疗提供病原学依据。方法:采用回顾性分析对2011年1月-2014年12月某院血液科败血症患者血培养分离细菌进行鉴定及耐药性分析。结果:菌株82株,革兰阴性菌53株占64.6%,革兰阳性菌29株占35.4%,革兰阴性菌对头孢吡肟、丁胺卡那、哌拉西林他唑巴坦及亚胺培南耐药率低,超广谱β-内酰胺酶阳性大肠埃希菌占52.2%,且超广谱β-内酰胺酶阳性大肠埃希菌对常用抗生素的耐药率高于超广谱β-内酰胺酶阴性大肠埃希菌;革兰阳性球菌仍以葡萄球菌为主,占69.0%,耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌占葡萄球菌的55%,其对左氧氟沙星的耐药率高于甲氧西林敏感葡萄球菌(P<0.05),未发现对万古霉素及利奈唑胺耐药的葡萄球菌。结论:革兰阴性菌对头孢吡肟、哌拉西林他唑巴坦及亚胺培南耐药率低,葡萄球菌对喹诺酮类、万古霉素及利奈唑胺耐药率低。 Objective: To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in sepsis patients in hematology and provide etiological basis for clinical treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis of January 2011-December 2014 in a hospital hematology septicemia blood culture bacteria were identified and drug resistance analysis. Results: 82 isolates, 53 Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 64.6%, Gram-positive bacteria 29 accounted for 35.4%, Gram-negative bacteria on cefepime, amikacin, piperacillin tazobactam and imine Pei Nan drug resistance was low, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-positive Escherichia coli accounted for 52.2%, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-positive Escherichia coli resistance to commonly used antibiotics over extended spectrum β-lactamase-negative Escherichia coli; Gram-positive cocci still staphylococci, accounting for 69.0%, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 55% of its susceptibility to levofloxacin than methoxy Staphylococcus aureus (P <0.05), no vancomycin and linezolid-resistant staphylococci were found. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria have low resistance rate to cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem, while Staphylococcus aureus has low resistance to quinolones, vancomycin and linezolid.