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许多英语语法书都提到常用的状态动词一般不用进行时。例如:
表示“是”,“拥有”等动词:be, have, own, possess, consist, seem, mean等等。
感官动词:see, hear, find等等。
心理状态动词:think, believe, know, understand等等。
情感动词:like, hate, want, desire等等。
因为进行时表示的动作在时间上有一定的短暂性,所以那些没有明显的开始和结束界限的动作的状态动词不能用进行时。但是,由于现代英语中进行时态的使用非常频繁,其表意功能已在原来说明动作的持续性的基础上有了新的拓展。现就收集的一些范例,对通常不用进行时的状态动词用于进行时的特殊意义作简要总结。
1. hope, think, want, wonder, forget, expect, suppose, pretend等词用进行时态表示请求、愿望、询问时,显得更为礼貌、委婉。例如:
I was wanting to see you.我想找你。
I am hoping you would teach me Korean.我希望你教我韩语。
I was wondering if you could help me.不知你能否帮帮我的忙。
2. 用于进行时,词义发生变化。例如:
The judge was hearing the case.法官正在审理这个案件。
She is minding her baby.她在照料孩子。
3. 用于进行时表示习惯性或重复性动作。例如:
The flights are arriving late practically every day this year.今年几乎每天飞机都误点。
You may be putting off your classmates by the expression on your face.你脸上那副表情会把你的那些同学们赶走的。
4. 用于进行时表示渐渐进行的过程。例如:
I am forgetting what I learned during those days.那些日子我所学的知识现在渐渐地忘了。
I am finding that the problem is much more complicated than I expected.我渐渐看出问题比我所想像的要复杂得多。
5. 用于进行时表示暂时的情况。例如:
You are being witty tonight.你今晚倒很诙谐。
You are being foolish.你此刻很傻。
6. 与always, constantly, continually, forever等词连用,表示反复,带有厌烦、赞扬等感情色彩。例如:
He is constantly finding fault with the way his wife does her hair. 他总是挑剔他妻子梳的发型。
The patient is always imagining dangers that do not exist. 这病人老是想像那种不存在的危险。
7. 用于进行时可描写景物,使被描述的静态物产生动态感,以期获得生动、直观的效果。例如:
The river is constantly flowing into the sea. 此河不断流入大海。
The television tower was shaking from the roughest winter storm in half a dozen years.电视塔在这来势凶猛六年未遇的最强劲的冬季暴风雪中瑟瑟颤抖。
8. 在口语中,进行时用于说明最近过去的事情。例如:
You don’t believe it? You know I am telling the truth.你不信?你知道我刚才说的都是真的。
I was hearing John had got a new job.我刚听说约翰已经找到了新工作。
9. 用进行时表示将来的动作。例如:
We are having guests tonight, but they are rather late. 今晚我们有客人,可到现在客人还没来。
表示“是”,“拥有”等动词:be, have, own, possess, consist, seem, mean等等。
感官动词:see, hear, find等等。
心理状态动词:think, believe, know, understand等等。
情感动词:like, hate, want, desire等等。
因为进行时表示的动作在时间上有一定的短暂性,所以那些没有明显的开始和结束界限的动作的状态动词不能用进行时。但是,由于现代英语中进行时态的使用非常频繁,其表意功能已在原来说明动作的持续性的基础上有了新的拓展。现就收集的一些范例,对通常不用进行时的状态动词用于进行时的特殊意义作简要总结。
1. hope, think, want, wonder, forget, expect, suppose, pretend等词用进行时态表示请求、愿望、询问时,显得更为礼貌、委婉。例如:
I was wanting to see you.我想找你。
I am hoping you would teach me Korean.我希望你教我韩语。
I was wondering if you could help me.不知你能否帮帮我的忙。
2. 用于进行时,词义发生变化。例如:
The judge was hearing the case.法官正在审理这个案件。
She is minding her baby.她在照料孩子。
3. 用于进行时表示习惯性或重复性动作。例如:
The flights are arriving late practically every day this year.今年几乎每天飞机都误点。
You may be putting off your classmates by the expression on your face.你脸上那副表情会把你的那些同学们赶走的。
4. 用于进行时表示渐渐进行的过程。例如:
I am forgetting what I learned during those days.那些日子我所学的知识现在渐渐地忘了。
I am finding that the problem is much more complicated than I expected.我渐渐看出问题比我所想像的要复杂得多。
5. 用于进行时表示暂时的情况。例如:
You are being witty tonight.你今晚倒很诙谐。
You are being foolish.你此刻很傻。
6. 与always, constantly, continually, forever等词连用,表示反复,带有厌烦、赞扬等感情色彩。例如:
He is constantly finding fault with the way his wife does her hair. 他总是挑剔他妻子梳的发型。
The patient is always imagining dangers that do not exist. 这病人老是想像那种不存在的危险。
7. 用于进行时可描写景物,使被描述的静态物产生动态感,以期获得生动、直观的效果。例如:
The river is constantly flowing into the sea. 此河不断流入大海。
The television tower was shaking from the roughest winter storm in half a dozen years.电视塔在这来势凶猛六年未遇的最强劲的冬季暴风雪中瑟瑟颤抖。
8. 在口语中,进行时用于说明最近过去的事情。例如:
You don’t believe it? You know I am telling the truth.你不信?你知道我刚才说的都是真的。
I was hearing John had got a new job.我刚听说约翰已经找到了新工作。
9. 用进行时表示将来的动作。例如:
We are having guests tonight, but they are rather late. 今晚我们有客人,可到现在客人还没来。