目的了解哈尔滨地区小儿轮状病毒(rotavivus,RV)腹泻流行病学特征。方法收集2014年全年于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院群力院区门诊诊治的5岁以下腹泻患儿粪便标本,进行RV检测。结果 678例腹泻患儿中男女患儿阳性检出率无明显差异。各年龄段之间RV感染患病率有所差异,不同月份发病率亦有所不同。有抗生素使用史的患儿其发热峰值、热程、腹泻次数、腹泻天数均较未使用者有所增加。结论哈尔滨地区有着特殊的RV流行趋势,应早期进行RV检测,并关注其变异规律。 Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rotavivus (RV) diarrhea in Harbin. Methods Stool samples of children under 5 years of age with diarrhea diagnosed in outpatient department of Qunliyuan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University during 2014 were collected for RV test. Results There was no significant difference in the positive rate of male and female children in 678 children with diarrhea. The prevalence of RV infection varies among different age groups, and the morbidity in different months is also different. Children with a history of antibiotic use had more fever, fever, diarrhea episodes, days with diarrhea than those without. Conclusion There is a special trend of RV in Harbin. Early detection of RV should be paid attention to its variation law.