经典定价理论认为,市场出清价格应确定为市场优化问题的对偶解。但是,市场优化问题可能存在多个对偶解,这时,如何确定惟一的市场出清价格就成为市场运行必须要解决的问题。文中首先从数学角度阐述这一问题,然后利用市场优化问题的性质缩小出清价格的范围,在上述分析的基础上,提出一种基于社会剩余分配的方法,并对方法的性质进行了理论分析。最后用算例检验该方法的有效性,并做了进一步的讨论。推理和算例表明,该方法理论基础扎实、计算速度较快。 The classical pricing theory holds that the market clearing price should be determined as the dual solution to the market optimization problem. However, there may exist multiple dual solutions to the problem of market optimization. At this time, how to determine the only market clearing price has become a problem that must be solved in market operation. First of all, this paper expounds the problem from the mathematical point of view, and then uses the nature of the market optimization problem to narrow the scope of clearing prices. Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes a method based on social surplus distribution and analyzes the nature of the method . Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of this method and to make further discussion. Reasoning and examples show that this method has a solid theoretical foundation and a fast calculation speed.