目的观察和分析多发性肌炎并发心包积液患者的临床特点及相关因素。方法纳入106例多发性肌炎患者,记录患者一般信息、临床情况、实验室检查,并运用超声心动图对心包积液患者进行半定量分析,logistic回归被用于评估心包积液的影响因素。结果 106例多发性肌炎患者中并发心包积液18例,占17.0%,并发少量、中量及大量心包积液的多发性肌炎比例分别为:67%、28%和6%;logistic回归显示心率(OR=1.050,95%CI 1.001-1.102)、主肺动脉内径(OR=1.270,95%CI 1.015-1.589)以及存在间质性肺病(OR=5.274,95%CI 1.507-18.460)可能与多发性肌炎并发心包积液相关。结论多发性肌炎并发心包积液并不少见,多为少到中量积液;心包积液主要与患者心率、主肺动脉内径以及并存的间质性肺病相关。 Objective To observe and analyze the clinical features and related factors of patients with polymyositis complicated with pericardial effusion. Methods One hundred and sixty patients with polymyositis were enrolled. The general information, clinical situation and laboratory tests were recorded. The patients with pericardial effusion were semi-quantitatively analyzed by echocardiography. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the influencing factors of pericardial effusion. Results Of 106 patients with polymyositis, 18 cases were complicated with pericardial effusion, accounting for 17.0%. The proportion of polymyositis with small amount, moderate amount and large amount of pericardial effusion were 67%, 28% and 6% respectively. Logistic regression Heart rate (OR = 1.050, 95% CI 1.001-1.102), major pulmonary artery diameter (OR = 1.270, 95% CI 1.015-1.589) and the presence of interstitial lung disease (OR = 5.274, 95% CI 1.507-18.460) Polymyositis associated pericardial effusion. Conclusions Polymyositis with pericardial effusion is not uncommon, mostly with less to moderate effusion. Pericardial effusion is mainly associated with heart rate, the diameter of the main pulmonary artery and the coexisting interstitial lung disease.