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“敬”是儒家的重要德目,在儒家思想中具有原发性基础地位。从纵向历史维度看,周以前,“敬”指原始的宗教畏惧心理;周始,其发展为执事保民的政治伦理;春秋已降,伴随人文精神的突破,儒者多从德性角度阐释之,“敬”成为具有人文意蕴的价值范畴;宋时,“敬”内化为儒者的涵养工夫。从横向维度而言,“敬”有多面相指涉,儒家主张敬人、敬事、敬业、敬天,“敬”是人立世处身的基本准则。在知“敬”行“敬”中,儒家将做人与做事统一,将道德仪则与人格修养结合。由此,“敬”具有了社会性外在规范与个体性内在心理的双重品性,实现了社会化道德仪式和人格化主体性精神的深层统一。
“Respect ” is an important moral of Confucianism, and has the primary basic position in Confucianism. From a longitudinal historical perspective, before the week, “respect ” refers to the primitive religious fear; at the beginning, it developed into a political ethics of deacon protecting the people; in spring and autumn have dropped, with the breakthrough of humanistic spirit, Confucianism from the perspective of virtue Interpretation, “King ” has become a humanistic value category; Song, “King ” internalized as Confucian conservation efforts. From the horizontal dimension, “respect ” has many meanings, Confucianism advocates respect, respect, dedication, respect, “respect ” is the basic norms of the world. In knowing “respect ” line “respect ”, Confucianism will be the unity of man and work, the moral instrument and personality training combined. As a result, “Respect ” has the double character of social external norms and individual inner psychology, and realizes the deep unification of the socialized moral rituals and the individualized subjective spirit.