漆缮,顾名思义即以漆修缮,是以生漆为主要材料,对一些器物残件进行修复与二次创作的艺术手法。其中创作的载体是残件,创作的手法是修复,创作的材料主要为大漆。对于漆缮,很多人有些陌生,但说起瓷器修复中的金缮可能就比较熟悉,事实上金缮便属于漆缮中的一种。狭义的金缮准确说是起源于日本,在江户时代的《蚂蟥绊茶欧记》中曾记载了金缮的由来。室町时代崇尚茶道的足利将军获得了一只宝贵的宋代龙泉窑碗,可惜这只碗在底部已出现裂痕无法再使用,于是他遣使来中国寻访,却再难找到一只一模一样的碗。无奈之下只能听取中国工匠的建议,用锔钉将裂隙锔住,因锔钉状似蚂蟥,被称为蚂蝗绊。但将军对这样的修复仍然不满意,所以日本工匠开始琢磨一种更加完美的修复方法,就吸纳了中国用漆黏合的技法,并在裂隙处施以金粉,这就创作出了美观与实用兼具的陶瓷金缮[1]。主要用于修复陶瓷的金缮因服务于日本贵族,修复的多是名贵古瓷而声名远扬,但事实上无论是以漆修缮还是漆上用金,都是中国传统漆工艺中的技法。在法门寺唐代皇家地宫出土文物中有一件外部涂满黑漆并以金银平脱手法髹饰的瓷碗,可以说是漆、金、瓷完美结合的最早印证。中国用漆的历史自新石器时代便已可考,明代漆艺宝典《髹饰录》中更是记录漆艺创作88条例之多,用金只是漆髹的一种技法。漆的色彩缤纷灿烂,漆艺手法变化多样,漆缮的内涵要比金缮宽广得多。 Paint repair, as the name implies that the repair of paint, lacquer is based on the main material for some artifacts to repair and second-hand art practices. Which is the carrier of the creation of residual pieces, creative approach is to repair the creation of materials mainly lacquer. For the paint, many people a little strange, but when it comes to the restoration of the Jin Shan porcelain may be more familiar with, in fact, Jin Shan is a paint. The narrow sense of the Jin Shan accurately said that originated in Japan, in the Edo era “leech tripod tea in Europe,” recorded the origin of Jin Shan. During the Muromachi period, General Ashikaga, who admired the tea ceremony, won a valuable bowl of Longquan Kiln in Song Dynasty. Unfortunately, the bowl was cracked at the bottom and could no longer be used. So he sent an envoy to China to search for a similar bowl. In desperation, only to listen to the advice of Chinese artisans, with crack nails to live in cracks, because nail-like nail-like leech, known as leech triad. However, the generals are still not satisfied with such a restoration. Therefore, Japanese craftsmen began to ponder a more perfect method of repairing, absorbing the technique of lacquer bonding in China and applying gold powder in the cracks, thus creating a beautiful and practical Ceramics with a gold [1]. Mainly used for repairing ceramics due to the service of the Japanese nobility repair more expensive porcelain and famous, but in fact whether it is repaired with paint or painted with gold, are the traditional Chinese painting techniques. In the Famen Temple Tang Dynasty unearthed artifacts in the Royal Palace there is an external painted with black paint and gold and silver off the method of porcelain bowl, can be said to paint, gold, porcelain the earliest proof of the perfect combination. The history of lacquer ware in China has been tested since the Neolithic Age. In the Ming Dynasty lacquer ware collection, “Record of Enchantressing” records as many as 88 pieces of lacquer art, with gold as a painting technique. Lacquer colorful, colorful changes in the way practices, the meaning of the paint is much more than Jin Shan.