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随着流体力学中数值方法的飞速发展,计算模型已经成为研究流体运动,泥沙输运和不同环境(诸如河流,湖泊及沿海地区)中相应污染物归趋过程等方面非常有吸引力的工具,在过去的30多年里,发展了许多计算水动力学/泥沙输运模型.文章追溯当前具有代表性的(一维、二维、三维)模型的发展历程,描述他们各自的特点,优势及局限,力图作为对模型方面感兴趣读者的第一指南,同时也为大家讨论模型的局限性,未来的发展趋势和研究需求方面搭建一个平台.给出了模型的表达,时空特性,水动力学和沉积物的耦合方式,处理非恒定流,推移质和悬移质,泥沙交换过程,泥沙类型(粘性或非粘性)及非均匀泥沙输运的能力.总结了不同模型的应用实例,读者可以运用这些例子作为研究模型设置,模型率定及模型验证的参考.给出了选择泥沙输运模型应遵循的原则,模型输入及率定方面存在的问题及改进的途径.探讨了现有水动力学/泥沙输运模型在处理复杂湍流,泥沙携带,流动与输沙耦合,非均匀泥沙,离散和扩散系数,河岸来沙处理等方面的局限性及改进的方向.最后,对基于多相流思想的泥沙输运模型及其它一些交叉性问题作了评述与展望.
With the rapid development of numerical methods in fluid mechanics, computational models have become very attractive tools for studying fluid movement, sediment transport and the corresponding processes of pollutant fate in different environments (such as rivers, lakes and coastal areas) , A number of computational hydrodynamic / sediment transport models have been developed over the past 30 years.This paper traces the development of the current representative (one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional) models and describes their respective characteristics and advantages And limitations, trying hard to be the first guide to the readers who are interested in the model, and also to build a platform for discussing the limitations of the model, the future development trend and the research needs.And the model’s expression, space-time characteristics, hydrodynamic The coupling between sediment and sediment can deal with unsteady flow, pluton and suspended sediment transport, sediment exchange process, sediment type (viscous or non-viscous) and heterogeneous sediment transport ability. The application of different models Examples, the reader can use these examples as a reference model for the study of model setting, model calibration and model validation given the principle of sediment transport model selection should be followed, the model input and rate set square Existing problems and ways to improve.It is discussed that the existing hydrodynamics / sediment transport model is very useful in dealing with complex turbulence, sediment carrying, coupling of flow and sediment transport, heterogeneous sediment, dispersion and diffusion coefficient, And the direction of improvement.Finally, the paper reviews and forecasts the sediment transport model and other cross-cutting issues based on multiphase flow theory.