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摘 要:主语从句是英语语法的重点和难点之一,在运用过程中会出现较多的失误,原因为一些细节及本质理解掌握不够好,通过实例浅析英语中定语从句的基本用法。
关键词:主语从句;用法;实例
在复合句中做主语的从句叫做主语从句,它的位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语相同。
引导主语从句的关联词有:连词:that, whether;连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which;连接副词:when, where, why, how;复合词:whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however.
1.that引导的主语从句
(1)that在主语从句中无任何意义,也不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,但不可省略。
例:That he passed the final exam made his mother happy.
That Taiwan is a part of China is well known.
(2)that引导主语从句时,可用it作形式主語,而将that从句置于句尾。
例:It made his mother happy that he passed the final exam.
It is well known that Taiwan is a part of China.
(3)如果以that引导分句的句子是疑问句,就只能用it作形式主语结构。
例:Is it true that he passed the driving text?
2.whether引导的主语从句
whether在主语从句中不充当任何句子成分,作“是否”讲,引导主语从句的语序用陈述句语序。位于句首时,只能用whether 引导主语从句;位于句中时,可用if与whether互换。
例:Whether Tom will come is uncertain.
It is not known whether/if they will come today.
3.用哪一个“wh-”词取决于从句里缺少或所需要的句子成分
例:What he needs is that book.
When Jack will come is not known.
This is what I want.
4.-ever引导的主语从句
whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever 表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论哪里”,语气比what, who, when, where 等强烈。
例:Whatever I have is yours.
Whoever is tired may rest.
5.连接代词、连接副词和复合词引导主语从句时,本身有词义,在从句中往往充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等,从句的语序用陈述句语序
例:What he needs is that book.(what在主句中作need的宾语)
When Jack will come is not known.(when在主语从句中作时间状语)
典型例题:
1.___ caused the accident is not known.
A.That B.When C.Where D.What
析:本题是一个主语从句且缺少主语。由于that引导主语从句时不担任句子成分,when和where在主语从句中只能作状语,故排除A、B、C,选D。what在主语从句中作主语。
2.____is a fact that she is a pop singer.
A.There B.This C.That D.It
析:“that she is a pop singer” 是主语从句,位于句尾,因此只能选“it”作形式主语,代替真正的主语“that she is a pop singer”, 故选D。
3. ____ has done this good deed is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D.Whoever
析:选D。whoever意为“无论谁”,表泛指,who意为“谁”,表特指。
4.____ Tom will attend the assembly is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
析:选C。“____ Tom will attend the assembly”是主语从句,若选A,意思不合;B不位于句首时引导主语从句,位于句首时只作“如果”讲;D不可用于否定中引导主语从句。
参考文献:
[1]章振邦.新编英语语法(修订本).上海译文出版社.
[2]王福祯.英语句子辞典.四川辞书出版社.
(作者单位 陕西省榆林市农业干部学校)
关键词:主语从句;用法;实例
在复合句中做主语的从句叫做主语从句,它的位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语相同。
引导主语从句的关联词有:连词:that, whether;连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which;连接副词:when, where, why, how;复合词:whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however.
1.that引导的主语从句
(1)that在主语从句中无任何意义,也不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,但不可省略。
例:That he passed the final exam made his mother happy.
That Taiwan is a part of China is well known.
(2)that引导主语从句时,可用it作形式主語,而将that从句置于句尾。
例:It made his mother happy that he passed the final exam.
It is well known that Taiwan is a part of China.
(3)如果以that引导分句的句子是疑问句,就只能用it作形式主语结构。
例:Is it true that he passed the driving text?
2.whether引导的主语从句
whether在主语从句中不充当任何句子成分,作“是否”讲,引导主语从句的语序用陈述句语序。位于句首时,只能用whether 引导主语从句;位于句中时,可用if与whether互换。
例:Whether Tom will come is uncertain.
It is not known whether/if they will come today.
3.用哪一个“wh-”词取决于从句里缺少或所需要的句子成分
例:What he needs is that book.
When Jack will come is not known.
This is what I want.
4.-ever引导的主语从句
whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever 表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论哪里”,语气比what, who, when, where 等强烈。
例:Whatever I have is yours.
Whoever is tired may rest.
5.连接代词、连接副词和复合词引导主语从句时,本身有词义,在从句中往往充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等,从句的语序用陈述句语序
例:What he needs is that book.(what在主句中作need的宾语)
When Jack will come is not known.(when在主语从句中作时间状语)
典型例题:
1.___ caused the accident is not known.
A.That B.When C.Where D.What
析:本题是一个主语从句且缺少主语。由于that引导主语从句时不担任句子成分,when和where在主语从句中只能作状语,故排除A、B、C,选D。what在主语从句中作主语。
2.____is a fact that she is a pop singer.
A.There B.This C.That D.It
析:“that she is a pop singer” 是主语从句,位于句尾,因此只能选“it”作形式主语,代替真正的主语“that she is a pop singer”, 故选D。
3. ____ has done this good deed is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D.Whoever
析:选D。whoever意为“无论谁”,表泛指,who意为“谁”,表特指。
4.____ Tom will attend the assembly is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
析:选C。“____ Tom will attend the assembly”是主语从句,若选A,意思不合;B不位于句首时引导主语从句,位于句首时只作“如果”讲;D不可用于否定中引导主语从句。
参考文献:
[1]章振邦.新编英语语法(修订本).上海译文出版社.
[2]王福祯.英语句子辞典.四川辞书出版社.
(作者单位 陕西省榆林市农业干部学校)