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经典定常Ekman螺旋结构的表面漂流应该在南北半球分别沿风向右偏和左偏45°,而已有观测和研究结果表明:在北极和高纬度海域,表面流相对海面风向的偏角小于45°;在大洋低纬度海域,该偏角大于45°.针对该现象,本文设计了理想化数值实验,研究了不同垂向分布特征的垂直黏性系数对经典定常Ekman螺旋结构的影响,结果显示:垂直黏性系数的垂向分布特征对Ekman螺旋结构影响显著,当垂直黏性系数随深度增加而减小时,表面流偏角大于45°;当垂直黏性系数随深度增加而增大时,表面流偏角小于45°;观测到的低纬度海域与极区表面流偏角的不同应该主要由海洋上层垂直黏性系数的不同垂向分布特征产生;螺旋扁平度不等于常数1,但无明显的变化规律;体积输运的大小和方向与经典Ekman理论结果一致,不受垂直黏性系数分布的影响.
The surface drift of the classical stationary Ekman spiral structure should be offset by 45 ° to the left and 45 ° to the left in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. However, some observations and research results show that the deflection of the surface flow relative to the sea surface is less than 45 ° in the Arctic and high latitudes; In the low latitudes of the ocean, the declination angle is greater than 45 °. In view of this phenomenon, we design an idealized numerical experiment to study the effect of vertical viscosity coefficients of different vertical distributions on the classical constant Ekman spiral structure. The results show that vertical The vertical distribution of viscosity coefficient has a significant effect on the Ekman spiral structure. When the vertical viscosity decreases with increasing depth, the surface deflection angle is greater than 45 °. When the vertical viscosity increases with depth, the surface flow The declination angle is less than 45 °. The observed differences between the surface and declination angles in the low latitudes and polar regions should be mainly caused by different vertical distributions of the vertical viscous coefficient of the upper ocean. The spiral flatness is not equal to the constant 1, but not obvious The size and direction of volumetric transport are consistent with those of classical Ekman theory, and are not affected by the vertical viscosity distribution.