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目的分析咸宁市2009-2012年手足口病疫情流行特征和病原学特点,为制定手足口病防控措施提供科学依据。方法对“传染病报告信息管理系统”和“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”中报告的2009-2012年咸宁市手足口病疫情资料进行描述性分析,并对部分病例的咽拭子标本,采用RT-PCR方法进行病毒核酸检测。结果2009-2012年咸宁市共报告手足口病5 744例,年均发病率为56.73/10万。每年的发病高峰集中在4-6月,2009、2012年9-11月出现了第二个发病高峰;城区发病率明显高于农村地区。男性发病明显高于女性,散居儿童和幼托儿童是手足口病主要的发病人群,4岁以下儿童发病数占总发病数的91.02%以上。2010、2012年EV71阳性检出率均高于2011年(χ2=11.411,P=0.001;χ2=19.002,P=0.000)。结论咸宁市手足口病发病具有明显的季节、地区和人群特征,4年间以2010、2012年发病率上升幅度最大,每年4-6月、9-11月是手足口病防控的关键时期,应改进监测模式,落实疫情报告、病原学监测、重症及时发现与救治、重点人群行为干预等为核心的科学防控措施。
Objective To analyze epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD in Xianning from 2009 to 2012 and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control measures of HFMD. Methods The epidemiological data of HFMD in Xianning from 2009 to 2012 reported in Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System and Public Health Incident Management Information System were descriptively analyzed and analyzed in some cases Swab specimens, the use of RT-PCR virus nucleic acid detection. Results A total of 5 744 HFMD cases were reported in Xianning from 2009 to 2012, with an average annual incidence of 56.73 / 100 000. The annual peak incidence peaked in April-June, 2009, 2012, September-November appeared the second peak incidence; urban area was significantly higher than in rural areas. The incidence of males was significantly higher than that of females. Diasporic and kindergarten children were the major pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease. The incidence of children under 4 accounted for more than 91.02% of the total cases. The positive rates of EV71 in 2010 and 2012 were all higher than those in 2011 (χ2 = 11.411, P = 0.001; χ2 = 19.002, P = 0.000). Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Xianning City has significant seasonal, regional and population characteristics. The incidence rate of HFMD in 2010 and 2012 is the highest in four years. From April to June and from September to November each year, the incidence of HFMD is the key period for prevention and control of HFMD. We should improve the monitoring mode, implement the scientific prevention and control measures with the core of epidemic reporting, etiological monitoring, timely detection and treatment of severe diseases, and behavioral interventions by key populations.