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蜱是专性吸血的体外寄生虫,血餐是其唯一的营养来源,在叮咬人畜吸血的过程中传播多种病原体,引发蜱媒传染病。蜱的共生微生物种类繁多,包括细菌、真菌等,影响着蜱的营养、繁殖、代谢,对病原体在蜱体内的存活、定殖及蜱的传病能力起着决定性作用。共生微生物的多样性受多种因素的影响,本文总结了环境因素对蜱类共生微生物的影响,以期为蜱类共生微生物的研究积累资料,为利用共生微生物开展蜱媒病的防控奠定基础。
Ticks are specialized blood-sucking ectoparasites, and blood meal is their only source of nutrition, spreading a variety of pathogens during the bite of blood-sucking animals and humans, triggering tick-borne infections. Toxoplasma symbiotic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, affect the tick’s nutrition, reproduction, metabolism, the survival of pathogens in tick body, colonization and tick-borne ability to play a decisive role. The diversity of symbiotic microorganisms is affected by many factors. This article summarizes the environmental factors on the impact of tick symbiotic microorganisms in order to accumulate data for the study of tick symbiotic microorganisms, and lay the foundation for the prevention and control of tick-borne diseases by symbiotic microorganisms.