胡塞尔将他的超越论的现象学哲学称作“第一哲学” ,强调它是一种由最终根源奠立的普通科学的开端和基础 ,它正是要研究那些最初的、自身包含一切存在与真理之起源的东西 ,即超越论的主观性。一切真正的科学都必须从这种科学中寻求它们的全部基本概念和原理的、它们的一切方法的、一切其他原则的最后来源。胡塞尔通过对哲学史的考察表明 ,这一思想也是贯穿于数千年哲学史中的统一动机 ,并且已在历史上取得了值得重视的成就。胡塞尔所提出的现象学还原的方法 ,正是要揭示这种超越论主观性的领域。他称这种方法是一种全新的反思方法 ,是彻底的纯粹的对自身的思考 ,是完全不同于自然态度的“非自然的”态度。但是胡塞尔在这里提供的不仅是现象学还原的“方法” ,而且同时还提供了一种有关现象学还原的“现象学” ,即现象学还原的“理论”。 Husserl refers to his transcendental phenomenological philosophy as “first philosophy,” emphasizing that it is the beginning and foundation of an ordinary science founded on its ultimate origin, and that it is precisely for studying those first, There is something that is the origin of truth, the subjectivity of transcendence. All true science must from this science seek out all their basic concepts and principles, all of their methods, and all the other sources of last principles. Husserl’s investigation of the history of philosophy shows that this thought is also the unifying motivation throughout thousands of years of history of philosophy and has achieved remarkable achievements in history. The method of phenomenological restoration proposed by Husserl precisely reveals the field of subjectivity of transcendence. He calls this method a completely new method of reflection, a thorough and pure reflection on itself and an “unnatural” attitude that is completely different from the natural attitude. But what Husserl provides here is not only the “method” of phenomenological restoration, but also provides a “phenomenology” of phenomenological reduction, the “theory” of phenomenological restoration.