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天空开阔度是反映城市空间形态与城市热岛效应关系的重要参数,可用于定量评价城市住宅小区室外空间的热环境。本文对五种具有不同见空率的理想城市住宅小区进行了数值模拟及比较分析。结果表明,在中低风速下,小区热环境受辐射条件所控制,小区内部地面以及1.5m行人高度处平均温度将随着天空开阔度的增大逐渐升高。因此,采用天空开阔度SVF来衡量城市住宅小区空间形态对小区室外热环境的影响程度是合适的。
The openness of the sky is an important parameter that reflects the relationship between urban spatial form and urban heat island effect and can be used to quantitatively evaluate the thermal environment in the outdoor space of urban residential area. In this paper, five kinds of ideal urban residential quarters with different empty rates are simulated and compared. The results show that under medium and low wind speeds, the thermal environment in a residential area is controlled by the radiation conditions. The average temperature at the inner surface of a residential area and the pedestrian height of 1.5m will gradually increase with the increase of the sky openness. Therefore, it is appropriate to use the sky-width SVF to measure the influence of urban residential district on the outdoor thermal environment.