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作为在美国联邦政府机构体系中的一个准司法、准立法的独立机构,独立性是该机构的本质属性。然而,近年来在中美贸易摩擦的诸多推手之中,美国国际贸易委员会日益活跃,屡屡成为中美贸易摩擦的发动者。很多中国学者怀疑该机构在对华贸易政策上的独立性,认为该机构是美国对华贸易保护主义的旗手。基于美国法律史和政治生态的分析发现,尽管美国国际贸易委员会的法理独立性基础是巩固的,但始终无法摆脱美国复杂政治生态的影响,特别是利益集团无孔不入的渗透在一定程度上俘获了该机构的独立性。这一问题在美国政府制度没有做出修补之前,是不会改变的。
As a quasi-judicial and quasi-legislative independent institution in the US federal government agency system, independence is an essential attribute of the institution. However, in recent years, among the many trade frictions between China and the United States, the US International Trade Commission has become increasingly active and has frequently become the initiator of Sino-U.S. trade frictions. Many Chinese scholars are skeptical of the agency’s independence in its trade policy toward China and believe that the agency is the flagrant of US protectionism toward China. Based on the analysis of the American legal history and political ecology, it is found that although the foundation of the US International Trade Commission’s legal independence is consolidated, it has never been able to shake off the influence of the complex political ecology of the United States. In particular, the all-pervasive infiltration of interest groups has captured this to a certain extent. Institutional independence. This issue will not change until the U.S. government system does not make repairs.