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一、相关知识列举(一)19世纪40年代至19世纪90年代:主要学习西方物质文明。1.内容:①魏源、林则徐主张“向西方学习”;②洪仁玕主张在中国发展资本主义;③洋务派与顽固派论战,洋务运动兴起。2.特点:①先进的地主阶级知识分子和农民革命领袖探索救国道路;②向英国、法国等西方资本主义国家学习;③显示出中国近代化历史进程的起步;④这一趋势深受工业革命的影响。
I. Enumeration of relevant knowledge (a) From the 1940s to the 1890s: Mainly studying Western material civilization. 1. Contents: 1 Wei Yuan and Lin Zexu advocated “learning from the west ”; 2 Hong Renxuan advocated the development of capitalism in China; 3 the debate between the Westernization School and die-hard parties, and the rise of the Westernization Movement. 2.Characteristics: 1 Advanced landlord intellectuals and peasant revolutionary leaders explore the path to save the nation; 2 Study in Britain, the West and other capitalist countries; 3 Show the beginning of the historical process of modernization in China; 4 This trend is deeply influenced by the industrial revolution. Impact.