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柏拉图哲学作为几千年西方哲学的注脚,造就了本质主义一派,即认为“本质先于存在”;相反,存在主义则主张“存在先于本质”。两者各执己理,但都从不同的侧面割裂了人的本质与存在的关系,皆沦落为形而上学。立于现代哲学起始处的马克思主义通过感性还原,在劳动的层面实现了人的本质与存在的辩证统一,从而真正恢复了“人之为人”的价值意义。
As a footnote to Western philosophy for thousands of years, Platonic philosophy has created a fundamentalist school, that is, “essence precedes existence”; on the contrary, existentialism advocates “existence precedes essence.” Both have their own advantages, but all from a different aspect of the relationship between the essence and the existence of people, are reduced to metaphysics. Marxism, which stands at the beginning of modern philosophy, realizes the dialectical unity of human nature and existence through the process of perceptual restoration, and thus realizes the value meaning of “human being and man”.