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对于大功率盘型激光焊,金属焊件表面在激光束辐射下强烈汽化并形成等离子体状的金属蒸汽羽状物.该金属蒸汽羽状物可逆向激光束传输,对激光有明显的屏蔽作用,降低激光辐射至焊件的能量密度,影响焊接效率和质量.因此研究金属蒸汽特征变化规律及其与焊接质量之间的关联,可实现由金属蒸汽特征实时监测激光焊接状态.以10 kW大功率盘型连续激光焊接304不锈钢钢板为试验对象,应用高速摄像机摄取金属蒸汽动态图像,将其转换至色调-色饱和度-亮度空间,提取金属蒸汽面积、激光束受影响路径长度等相关特征量,以焊缝熔宽的变化作为衡量焊接状态稳定性的参数.通过金属蒸汽特征值的均值统计和方差分析,试验证明根据金属蒸汽面积和激光束受影响路径长度等金属蒸汽特征可有效地反映熔宽质量,从而对焊接状况做出动态评估.
For high power laser disc welding, the surface of the metal weldment is strongly vaporized under laser beam irradiation and forms a plasma-like metal vapor plume which reversibly transmits the laser beam with a significant shielding effect on the laser , Reducing the energy density of the laser radiation to the weldment, affecting the welding efficiency and quality.Therefore, the study of the variation of the characteristics of the metal vapor and the relationship between the quality and the welding can be achieved by the metal vapor characteristics of real-time monitoring of laser welding state to 10 kW The power disc type continuous laser welding of 304 stainless steel plate was used as the test object. The high-speed camera was used to capture the dynamic image of metal vapor and convert it to the hue-saturation-brightness space to extract the relevant features such as the area of the metal vapor and the length of the affected path of the laser beam , The variation of weld bead width was taken as the parameter to evaluate the stability of welding condition.According to the mean value statistics and analysis of variance of the characteristic values of the metal vapor, the experiment proves that the characteristics of the metal vapor, such as metal vapor area and laser path length, Melt width quality, thus making a dynamic assessment of the welding conditions.