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目的调查某院食管癌的发病情况和危险因素,为有关部门制定肿瘤预防措施提供依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法对某院2009年1月至2011年9月经病理学检查确诊的506例食管癌住院患者,分别按性别、年龄、职业等进行分类统计分析。结果男性患者占79.84%,女性患者占20.16%,男∶女=3.96∶1,高发年龄为50～59岁,所占比为43.48%。干部和工人的患病例数明显低于农民,文化程度高发病率低。食管癌发生在食管上部和中部居多,以鳞癌为主,苏北地区为高发地区,家族癌症史、吸烟可以增加患食管癌的风险。结论食管癌的发生存在性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、地区差异等特征,由于食管癌较差的预后存活率,准确地了解其发生的危险因素和采取有效预防措施成为防治食管癌的关键,对高危人群应加强防治工作,尽量早发现、早诊治。
Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of esophageal cancer in a hospital and provide evidences for the departments concerned to formulate their preventive measures. Methods A retrospective investigation was performed on 506 hospitalized patients with esophageal cancer confirmed by pathology from January 2009 to September 2011 in a hospital. The patients were classified by sex, age and occupation respectively. Results Male patients accounted for 79.84%, female patients accounted for 20.16%, male: female = 3.96: 1, high incidence of 50 to 59 years old, accounting for 43.48%. The number of cadres and workers was significantly lower than that of peasants, with a high educational level and a low prevalence. Esophageal cancer occurs in the upper esophagus and the middle of the majority, mainly squamous cell carcinoma, northern Jiangsu is a high incidence of family history of cancer, smoking can increase the risk of esophageal cancer. Conclusions The occurrence of esophageal cancer is characterized by gender, age, occupation, education level and regional differences. Because of the poor prognosis survival rate of esophageal cancer, accurately understanding the risk factors of esophageal cancer and taking effective preventive measures are the key points to prevent and treat esophageal cancer. High-risk groups should strengthen prevention and control work, as early as possible, early diagnosis and treatment.