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通过定期监测铸造生产环境中的粉尘、毒物浓度及噪声强度 ,并进行 17年动态观察 ,总结了综合性治理措施。用电子扫描显微镜能散X线分析 (SEM -EDS)方法对铸造粉尘表面成分进行了分析。结果表明 ,清理、造型、配砂、制芯、熔化和落砂等工序游离SiO2 含量均超过 10 % ,分散度小于 5 μm的可吸入性粉尘偏高 (6 9 5 %～ 78% ) ,空气中矽尘没有Al的包裹 ,是新鲜的粉尘 ,致病性强。采取综合性防治措施后 ,粉尘、毒物浓度明显下降 ,铸造作业职业危害特点是低浓度粉尘、多种低浓度毒物与高噪声强度共存。
Through regular monitoring of the dust, poison concentration and noise intensity in the foundry production environment and the dynamic observation for 17 years, the comprehensive management measures are summarized. The surface composition of the foundry dust was analyzed by SEM-EDS with scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the content of free SiO2 was over 10% in the process of cleaning, modeling, sand preparation, core making, melting and falling off, and the inhalable dust with the dispersion less than 5 μm was high (69.5% -78%). The air Silica gel in the absence of Al parcels, is a fresh dust, strong pathogenicity. After taking comprehensive prevention and control measures, the concentration of dust and poison obviously drops. The occupational hazards of foundry operations are characterized by low concentration of dust, a variety of low concentration poisons coexist with high noise intensity.