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山西之役是中法战争的一个重要战役。此役发生的原因主要有三：首先法国侵略越南的最终目的，是为了打开中国的大门；其次中国应邀出兵，目的在于保藩固圉；第三，山西特殊的地理环境和重要的战略地位。而此役的败因主要有五：一是清廷的决策束缚了守军的手脚；二是山西守军力量单薄；三是守军缺饷械；四是越官拒绝抗法救国；五是越军倒戈相向。认真探讨中法战争第一仗──山西战役，总结其经验教训，对中法战争史的研究是很有必要的。
The Battle of Shanxi is an Important Battle of the Sino-French War. There are three main reasons for the campaign to take place: Firstly, the ultimate goal of France’s aggression against Vietnam was to open China’s door; secondly, China was invited to send troops for the purpose of preserving Gu Fan; thirdly, Shanxi’s special geographical environment and important strategic position. The failure of this campaign are mainly five: First, the Qing court’s decision tied the hands and feet of the defenders; second, weak defenders of Shanxi Province; Third defenders lack of equipment; Fourth, the more refused to resist the French government to save the country; Fifth The opposite army defection. To seriously study the first battle of the Sino-French war ─ ─ Shanxi Campaign, sum up their experiences and lessons, the study of Sino-French war history is necessary.