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20世纪80年代后,美国开始将贸易政策转向区域层面,对碎片化制度持有一种包容和参与的态度。本文为研究美国霸权与碎片化制度之间的关系,首先介绍了美国的贸易政策在空间范围上发生转向的历史进程。此后,本文从传统的贸易理论和制度霸权理论,分析了美国产生制度偏好的原因。本文从霸权贸易制度内、制度外和制度间层次三个角度,分析了美国和碎片化贸易制度之间的关系。最后,本文就制度内层次继续发掘,发现了美国贸易偏好的社会根源,阐述了霸权偏好背后的利益集团因素及对霸权可能的削弱作用。总而言之,美国霸权与碎片化贸易制度的关系本质上就是制度霸权与区域层面贸易公共物品的关系,这种关系在制度内受到霸权国制度供给能力、意愿、利益诉求和利益集团的影响,在制度外受到全球层面和区域层面其他贸易制度的影响,在制度之间受到追赶国实力和地位的影响,因此美国的制度霸权对碎片化贸易制度采取了有限包容和参与的态度。
After the 1980s, the United States began to shift its trade policy toward the regional level and took an inclusive and participatory attitude toward the fragmentation system. In order to study the relationship between the hegemony and the fragmentation system in the United States, this article first introduces the historical course of the shift of the U.S. trade policy in the sphere of space. Since then, this article has analyzed the reasons for the system preference in the United States from the traditional trade theory and system hegemony theory. This article analyzes the relationship between the United States and the fragmented trading system from the perspectives of the hegemony trade system, the system and the system level. Finally, this article continues to explore the inner level of the system, finds out the social roots of the U.S. trade preferences, elaborates the factors of interest groups behind the preference of hegemony and the possible weakening effect on hegemony. To sum up, the relationship between the hegemony of the United States and the fragmented trading system is essentially the relationship between institutional hegemony and the trade-related goods at the regional level. Such a relationship is influenced by the supply capacity, the will, the interest demands and interest groups of the system of hegemonic countries within the system. As a result, the institutional hegemony of the United States has adopted a limited tolerance and participation in the fragmentation trading system because of the influence of other trade systems at the global and regional levels and the catch-up power and status of the system among the systems.