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肯定“实在”句和否定“实在”句的成句条件、语义格局有明显不同。肯定“实在”句语义格局可概括为:实在p,其中p具有程度性,“实在”主观提升p的程度。否定“实在”句语义格局有两种:1)实在-p,其中-p具有程度性,“实在”主观提升-p程度。2)(本来希望p,但)实在-p,表达了“愿而不能”的反预期意义。“实在”的基本意义是确定命题真实性,确信义是编码意义;加强义和反预期意义处于一般会话含义层面,是语义—语用界面现象。论文提出以最典型语言格式对肯定“实在”句和否定“实在”句分开教学的建议。
Affirmative “real ” sentence and negative “real ” sentence into the sentence conditions, the semantic structure is obviously different. Certainly “real ” semantic structure can be summarized as: real p, where p has degree, “real ” subjective increase the degree of p. Negate the “real” sentence semantic structure in two ways: 1) Really-p, of which-p degree, “Really ” subjective increase-p level. 2) (Originally, hope p, but) is-p, the expression of the “pros and cons” anti-expected significance. The basic meaning of “real ” is to determine the authenticity of the proposition, and indeed the meaning of the code is the meaning of the code. The meaning of enhancing the sense of justice and the opposite of anticipation is at the level of general conversational meaning and is the semantic-pragmatic interface phenomenon. The thesis proposes to separate the teaching of affirmative “real ” sentence and negative “real ” sentence in the most typical language format.