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Objective To observe the effects of lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on testicular cell apoptosis induced by low dose ionizing radiation in male rats.Methods Eighty four Wistar male rats were randomly divided into seven groups: normal control group; irradiation control groups 1, 2 and 3; LBP + irradiation groups 1, 2 and 3. The rats in LBP groups were given 10 mg/kg LBP by gavage before irradiation, while the rats in other groups received saline. The testes of all rats except those in normal control group were exposed to60Coγ-ray irradiation locally from Monday to Friday for 4w and the total dose was 2.3 Gy/capita. The rats were sacrificed at days 1, 7, 14, respectively. The testicular index, sperm count and mobility were measured. The expressions of P53 and HSP70 mRNA and protein were assessed using RT-PCR and West blot methods.Results Both the sperm count and mobility were improved significantlyin LBP+irradiation groups 1, 2 and 3 as compared to corresponding irradiation control groups (P<0.01). The testicular index was increased significantly in LBP + irradiation groups, especially in group 3 compared to their corresponding irradiation control groups (P<0.01). The P53 mRNA and protein expressions were lower and HSP70 mRNA and protein expressions higher in the LBP + irradiation group 3 than in the irradiation control group 3 (P<0.01). Conclusion LBP can reduce the apoptosis of testicular cells induced by low dose ionizing radiation in male rats and the mechanism was associated with regulation of P53 and HSP70 expression.