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在油松与云南松人工杂交并获得杂种的基础上,采用多杂交组合杂种、亲本种和高山松种子在高山松最适宜生境下(西藏林芝)进行了田间对比试验,并通过苗期的适应性指标和生长指标来论证高山松及其亲本种间生态分化及杂种高海拔特殊生境适应性的来源。结果表明:1)多数适应性指标上,油松×云南松杂种苗木与高山松表现相似;2)油松×云南松不同杂交组合苗木间的适应性指标有一定幅度变异,一些群体有更高的封顶率和保存率;3)油松苗木的适应性指标最高,云南松最低,高山松适应性指标介于两者间;4)高山松生长指标最高,油松生长指标最低;5)与亲本不同,高山松与杂种苗木在第2年均有二次生长现象,且比率相似;6)最好杂交组合苗木生长与高山松相似,高山松与人工杂种苗木在高海拔生境下表现了突出的适应性与生长综合优势,具有在该生境条件下优于亲本种的发展潜力。以上结果表明,在特定条件下种间杂种具有一定的生态适应性优势,生态选择在高山松高海拔特殊生境下进化成种的过程中起到了关键作用。
Based on the artificial crosses between Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus yunnanensis and hybrids, the cross-breeding experiments were conducted in the most suitable habitats of the Pinus densa (Tibet Nyingchi) Sexual index and growth index to prove the source of the ecological differentiation and the adaptability of the hybrid high altitude special habitat to Pinus densata and its parents. The results showed that: 1) Most of the seedlings of Pinus tabulaeformis × Pinus yunnanensis hybrids showed similar performance to that of Pinus armandii; (2) Adaptation index of Pinus tabulaeformis × Pinus yunnanensis seedlings showed some amplitude variation and some groups were higher The highest index of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings, the lowest of Pinus yunnanensis and the adaptability index of Pinus armandii between them; 4) the highest growth index of Pinus tabulaeformis and the lowest of Pinus tabulaeformis growth index; 5) The parents of different species had similar secondary growth phenomenon in the second year. The growth of the best hybrid seedlings was similar to that of the alpine pine. The alpine pine and the artificial hybrid seedlings were prominent in high altitude habitat The adaptability and growth comprehensive advantages, with the habitat conditions better than the parental development potential. The above results show that interspecific hybrids have certain ecological adaptability advantages under certain conditions, and ecological selection plays a key role in the process of evolutionary breeding under the special habitat of high altitude pine in high altitude.