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作为微波低噪声器件研制和应用的一项关键技术,噪声参数的测量工作引起行业的广泛关注。论述了噪声参数测量原理,研究了测量系统校准方法,分析了噪声源的反射系数、噪声温度,阻抗调配器的反射系数、S参数、增益,接收机的反射系数、噪声功率等20余项物理量对噪声参数测量的影响,对比了直接冷源法和简化冷源法在接收机传输增益测量中的优缺点,提出了改进型冷源法。最后给出了噪声参数测量不确定度主要影响量的归类分析,为下一步开展噪声参数不确定度评定工作奠定了基础。
As a key technology in the development and application of microwave low-noise devices, measurement of noise parameters has drawn wide attention in the industry. The principle of measurement of noise parameters is discussed. The calibration method of measurement system is studied. More than 20 physical quantities such as reflection coefficient, noise temperature, reflection coefficient, S parameter, gain, receiver reflection coefficient and noise power of noise source are analyzed. On the noise parameter measurement, compared the advantages and disadvantages of the direct cold source method and the simplified cold source method in the receiver transmission gain measurement, and proposed an improved cold source method. Finally, the classification and analysis of the main influencing factors of the noise parameter measurement uncertainty are given, which lays the foundation for the next step to carry out the assessment of the noise parameter uncertainty.