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目的了解北京市城乡老年人慢性病患病状况,分析其影响因素,关注老年人躯体健康,加强慢性病防控。方法抽样调查北京城乡60岁及以上老年人群2168例,内容包括老年人的一般情况、慢性病史、家庭、经济、职业、卫生习惯等,进行评估和分析。结果老年人慢性病患病率高达74.2%,同时合并2种及以上慢性病者达43.5%。患病率城市高于农村,女性高于男性,随增龄有先上升再下降趋势。高血压位于慢性疾病之首,脑血管病、冠心病以及耳聋和骨关节疾病均为老年人常见慢性病。老年人躯体健康状况受性别、年龄、居住地区、文化程度、职业性质、睡眠与活动锻炼时间、收入水平等多种因素的影响。结论北京城乡老年人慢性病患病率高,多系统疾病并存率高。需加强慢性病防控健康宣教,增强社会支持,改善社区卫生服务建设。
Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic diseases among elderly people in urban and rural areas of Beijing, analyze the influencing factors, pay attention to the physical health of the elderly and strengthen the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Methods A total of 2168 elderly people aged 60 years and older in Beijing urban and rural areas were surveyed by sample sampling. The contents include general conditions of the elderly, chronic medical history, family, economy, occupation, hygiene habits, etc., for assessment and analysis. Results The prevalence rate of chronic diseases in the elderly was as high as 74.2%, while 43.5% in patients with two or more kinds of chronic diseases. The prevalence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas. The female was higher than the male, with the trend of increasing and then decreasing first. Hypertension is the first chronic disease, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease and deafness and bone and joint diseases are common chronic diseases in the elderly. The physical health of the elderly is affected by many factors such as gender, age, living area, educational level, occupation nature, sleep and activity exercise time, income level and so on. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases in urban and rural elderly in Beijing is high, and the coexistence of multiple diseases is high. It is necessary to strengthen health education on chronic disease prevention and control, enhance social support and improve the construction of community health services.