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中国的公路收费问题是公众讨论的一个新近热点。本文从公共财政角度,根据设施受益和财政负担相匹配的原则,提出基础设施投融资的一个分析框架。在此基础上,笔者回顾美国收费公路的历史演变,介绍相关的定价和管理机制,并以此为借鉴分析探讨与中国收费公路发展有关的若干问题。对于国内道路设施的进一步发展,笔者认为应当加大政府直接投入,以逐步降低对融资和收费公路的依赖度。在收费定价的具体管理上,应加强技术分析、决策程序以及法律契约方面的考量。
China’s road toll issue is a new hot spot in the public discussion. This article from the perspective of public finance, based on the principle of matching facilities and financial burden, put forward an analysis of infrastructure investment and financing framework. On this basis, the author reviews the historical evolution of the toll road in the United States, introduces the related pricing and management mechanisms, and uses it as a reference to analyze and discuss some issues related to the development of toll roads in China. For the further development of domestic road facilities, I believe that direct government investment should be stepped up to gradually reduce the dependence on financing and toll roads. In charge of the specific management of pricing, technical analysis should be strengthened, the decision-making process and legal contracts considerations.