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为评价捕食性天敌异色瓢虫对豆蚜的控害潜能,编制了天敌与害虫的实验种群生命表,测定了异色瓢虫对豆蚜的捕食功能反应。结果表明:异色瓢虫年龄特征生命表参数为净生殖力R0=725.850 5,内禀增长率rm=0.082 0,世代平均历期T=80.333 3 d,周限增长率K=1.085 4;豆蚜的生命表参数为R0=72.064 1,rm=0.183 1,T=23.370 0 d,K=1.200 9。异色瓢虫成虫及不同龄期的幼虫对豆蚜的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型模型,1~4龄幼虫a值分别为1.121,1.325,0.840和1.189,Th值分别为0.060 2,0.395 0,0.011 1和0.006 25,最大理论捕食量分别为16.61,25.32,90.09,160.00头。成虫a=1.567,Th=0.007 88,Namax=126.90头。通过生命表参数比较和功能反应模型分析,可见异色瓢虫在豆蚜上具有较强的取食及繁殖能力,对豆蚜种群具有较强的控制能力;从内禀增长率rm的比较可知,异色瓢虫的rm(0.082 0)远小于豆蚜的rm(0.183 1),天敌对害虫的发生是“跟随的”。因此,在生物防治过程中,采取相应的对策才能充分发挥天敌的控害潜能。
In order to assess the control potential of the predatory natural enemy C. heterophylla against the soybean aphid, the experimental population life table of the natural enemies and pests was prepared and the predation functional response of C. heterochina to the soybean aphid was determined. The results showed that the age-specific life table parameters of Harmonia axyridis were: net fertility R0 = 725.850 5, intrinsic rate of increase rm = 0.082 0, generation average period T = 80.333 3 d, and the rate of peri-growth K = 1.085 4; The life table parameters of the aphids were R0 = 72.0641, rm = 0.183 1, T = 23.370 0 d, K = 1.2009. The predation functional response of adult C. elegans and larvae of different ages to A. sojae all accorded with Holling Ⅱ model. The values of a to 4th instar larvae were 1.121, 1.325, 0.840 and 1.189, respectively, and the Th values were 0.060 and 2.0395 0 , 0.011 1 and 0.006 25 respectively. The maximum theoretical predation amount was 16.61, 25.32, 90.09 and 160.00 respectively. Adult a = 1.567, Th = 0.00788, Namax = 126.90. Through the comparison of life table parameters and functional response model analysis, we can see that C. heterophyllus has strong ability of feeding and reproducing on the soybean aphid, and has strong control ability on the population of A. sojae. From the comparison of intrinsic rate of increase rm The rm (0.082 0) was much less than that of the soybean aphid (0.183 1). The natural enemies were “following ”. Therefore, in the process of biological control, corresponding countermeasures can be taken to fully exert the control potential of natural enemies.