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目的探讨甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)对职业暴露人群可能造成的健康效应。方法回顾性分析2014年北京市某汽车部件生产企业职业人群89人,根据是否从事异氰酸酯作业,分为接触组(48人)和对照组(41人)。采用气相色谱法对工作场所空气中TDI、MDI的含量进行分析,采用全自动血液分析仪测定血常规,采用全自动生化分析仪分析血生化指标,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法测定血清中总免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、总免疫球蛋白E(IgE)和总免疫球蛋白M(IgM),并对实验结果进行统计分析。结果作业场所空气中TDI、MDI的浓度分别为0.004 4~0.055、0.007 4~0.001 4 mg/m~3,均未超过国家限值标准。接触组人群单核细胞百分率(MONO%)显著高于对照组,中性粒细胞数(NEUT)显著低于对照组,血清中总IgG含量显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。而血常规其他指标、血生化指标和总IgE、总IgM,两组之间的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论虽然作业场所空气中TDI、MDI的浓度未超过国家限值,但仍可能对接触人群的健康产生一定的影响,应引起足够重视,进行长期监测。
Objective To investigate the possible health effects of tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) on occupationally exposed people. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 89 occupational groups in an auto parts manufacturing enterprise in Beijing in 2014. They were divided into the exposure group (48 persons) and the control group (41 persons) according to whether they were engaged in the operation of isocyanates. The contents of TDI and MDI in the air of the workplace were analyzed by gas chromatography. The blood routine was determined by automatic blood analyzer. The blood biochemistry indexes were analyzed by automatic biochemical analyzer. The serum levels of serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Total IgG, IgE and IgM, and statistical analysis of the experimental results. Results The concentrations of TDI and MDI in the air of the workplace were 0.004 4 ~ 0.055 and 0.007 4 ~ 0.001 4 mg / m ~ 3 respectively, respectively, all of which did not exceed the national limits. The monocyte percentage (MONO%) in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the neutrophil count (NEUT) was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the total IgG content in serum was significantly lower than that in the control group P <0.05). There was no significant difference in other indexes, blood biochemical indexes, total IgE and total IgM between the two groups (all P> 0.05). Conclusion Although the concentrations of TDI and MDI in the workplace air do not exceed the national limits, they may still have some impact on the health of the exposed population and should be given sufficient attention and long-term monitoring.