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甲状腺的解剖生理简介甲状腺位于喉头下部和气管上段的前方和两侧,分左右两叶,中间以峡部相连,整个腺体形如“H”或“蝴蝶”状。甲状腺重量约为20～40g。甲状腺的实质是由腺上皮形成的许多大小不等的滤泡构成。上皮细胞分泌甲状腺激素,与甲状腺球蛋白结合后储存在滤泡腔内。甲状腺激素的释放受垂体分泌的促甲状腺激素(TSH)的调节,而 TSH受下丘脑分泌的促甲状腺激素-释放激素(TRH)调的节,在下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的三个腺体之间,存在着反馈调节。甲状腺激素的生理作用:(1)能促进细胞的氧化和产生热量。(2)能促进肠道对葡萄糖的吸收;
Thyroid anatomy and physiology Brief introduction Thyroid is located in the lower part of the throat and trachea in front of and on both sides, about two leaves, the middle of the isthmus connected, the entire gland shaped like “H” or “butterfly” shape. Thyroid weight is about 20 ~ 40g. The essence of the thyroid is composed of many sizes of follicles formed by the glandular epithelium. Epithelial cells secrete thyroid hormones, combined with thyroglobulin stored in the follicular cavity. Thyroid hormone release is regulated by the pituitary-secreting thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which is regulated by the hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) -regulated section in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis of the three glands Between, there is feedback regulation. The physiological role of thyroid hormone: (1) can promote cell oxidation and heat. (2) can promote intestinal absorption of glucose;