极体活检是植入前遗传学诊断常用的一种取材方法。极体是卵母细胞减数分裂的产物,含有和卵母细胞互补的遗传物质,通过对极体的分析可以间接推测相应卵母细胞的染色体状态。极体活检具有对胚胎的损伤小、在伦理上易于被接受的特点,而且极体具有自身特有的生物学属性。可用极体分析进行植入前遗传学诊断的情况包括女方单基因遗传疾病、染色体结构异常以及非整倍体的筛查等,尤其对母源性遗传携带患者具有独特优势,在植入前遗传学诊断中有着不可替代的地位。对近年来极体活检在植入前遗传学诊断中的研究进展做综述。 Biopsy is a commonly used method of preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Pole is a product of oocyte meiosis and contains genetic material complementary to the oocyte. The analysis of the polar body can indirectly infer the chromosome status of the corresponding oocyte. Biopsy has small damage to the embryo, ethically easy to be accepted characteristics, and the polar body has its own unique biological properties. The use of polar body analysis for preimplantation genetic diagnosis, including the woman’s single genetic disease, chromosomal structural abnormalities and aneuploidy screening, especially for maternal genetic carriers with unique advantages in preimplantation genetic The diagnosis has an irreplaceable status. In recent years, polar biopsy in the preimplantation genetic diagnosis of the research review.