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天然堤坝多因洪水漫顶、坝体浸润过度而产生滑坡或形成管涌扩大导致决口溃坝,对下游地区构成巨大危害。水利部门都致力于研究天然堤坝决口的机制,进行危机预警管理,降低经济损失。2005年日本学者森俊勇等人针对日本天然堤坝决口的现象,收集许多滑坡决口、管涌决口的事例,采用高峰流量的推算方法,对天然堤坝决口的机制进行了研究,其结论:筑坝材料的黏着力、内摩擦角、堤坝下游边坡坡度、坝高、坝顶宽度等决定堤坝的安全系数。当堤坝材料的内摩擦角和黏着力小时,库区水位达到1/4,坝顶宽为1 m,下游边坡坡度为30°时,坝高为30 m以上的天然堤坝及库区水位达到3/4,坝高在15 m的天然堤坝,就有发生滑坡决口的可能。
Natural dams mostly due to flooding, dam over infiltration and landslides or the formation of a surge led to the Bukoukou dam, causing a huge harm to the downstream areas. The water conservancy department is committed to studying the mechanism of natural dyke crevasses, carrying out crisis early warning management and reducing economic losses. In 2005, Japanese scholar Sen Jun-yong et al. Studied the phenomenon of natural dykes in Japan and collected many examples of landslides and pipe burst. Using the method of calculating peak flow, the mechanism of natural dykes was studied. The conclusion is that dam materials The internal friction angle, slope slope downstream of dam, dam height, width of dam crest and so on decide the safety factor of dam. When the internal friction angle and adhesive force of embankment materials are small, the water level in reservoir area reaches 1/4, the crest width is 1 m, the downstream slope slope is 30 °, the natural dam with dam height above 30 m and the water level in reservoir area reach Three-fourths of the natural dam with a dam height of 15 m is likely to have a landslide burst.